Monopolistic competition as a market structure

A Monopolistic competition is a market structure which is identified through the large quantity of comparatively small firms with the products of the firms being similar with only a slight variation to differentiate them. Therefore, the similarity in products makes the firms that exist in a monopolistic competition to be very competitive.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Monopolistic competition as a market structure specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, due to the fact that each of the firms has a slightly unique product compared to the rest of the firms, then each firm has a specific consumer and hence each of the firms maintains market control to a lesser extent. Examples of monopolistic competition include restaurants and clothing stores. Features of a Monopolistic competition There are basically four features that are used to identify a monopolistic competition. The first feature is the noticeable large a mount of small firms which leads to the production of comparable products which are however not alike in detail (Ison Wall, 2006). The mobility of a monopolistic competition is more or less excellent but it does not amount to the ideal resource which therefore makes it widespread but not perfect in comprehension of products to the consumer. Large Number of Small Firms In a monopolistically competition, almost every production business has a large number of small firms (Ison Wall, 2006). The size of each of the firms is comparatively small when compared to the extent of the market as a whole. This therefore means that all the active firms more or less compete against each other for consumer attention and since the firms are many and are all successful in producing the needed products, then each of the firms controls a small market share thus have limited control over the market price or the number of products in the market (Colander, 2008). Relative Resource Mobility Firms in a mon opolistic competition are free to go into or go out of a production business venture especially when compared with a perfect competition or a monopoly (Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2001). The rules governing the operation and the general business of the firms in a monopolistic competition are relatively few or none. Such firms are for the most part free of government interference, a standardized system, operational policy and are at liberty to raise their own capital and endure start-up costs without facing any stern obstructions from the government or other firms (Ison Wall, 2006). This therefore makes the firms less mobile in an ideal threshold especially when compared with the mobility of a perfect competition.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Extensive market Knowledge In monopolistic competition, consumers have reasonably comprehensive knowledge about the prices of different pro ducts as well as the fairly complete information regarding the subtle differences in the products for example color, brand names among others(Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2001). On the other hand, sellers of the products also have reasonably inclusive information in relation to production methods which affect prices and hence sellers are also aware of the prices of their competitors’ products (Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2001). Similar Products The firms in a monopolistically competitive market produce analogous products which are however not completely identical (Colander, 2008). This makes each of the firms and the products to aim at satisfying very similar basic want or need. Therefore, the products that are put into the market by these firms are near proxies and are very comparable but are nevertheless not perfect substitutes (Ison Wall, 2006). Even though the products might in actual sense have substitutes or slight physical differences, consumers of the products are the only ones who m ight perceive them to be different because the similarities between the products are usually more than the differences (Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2001). Therefore, firms in a monopolistically competition at any given moment have a great number of potential competitors since the products are usually almost the same and at the same time have a great number of potential consumers who are currently buying the competitors’ products. Reason why monopolistic competitive firms can only make normal profits in the long term A firm in a monopolistic competition increases on the profit by opting for the output that creates the maximum difference between the total income line and the total cost line. However, over the long run, a firm produces less output and charges a higher price which is even greater than its marginal cost (Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2001). The difference in price and marginal cost effectively goes against the vital order of efficiency because income is not being utilized to create the utmost level of consumer satisfaction. The graphs in Figure 1.1 represents the trends of such;Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Monopolistic competition as a market structure specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fig 1.1: Marginal Revenue Curve and Operational Barrier Curve by (Chamberlin, E. 1999). TC= Total Cost TR= Total Revenue This leads to inefficiency which is basically caused by the minimal market control monopolistically competitive firms have over the overall market, and hence most of the firms experience a negatively-sloped demand curves where price is greater than marginal revenue where the price is placed equivalent to marginal cost in order to maximize profit (Figure 2). Therefore, as firms continue to receive income through sales, the income is translated into production in order to produce more goods of higher quality to satisfy the market needs (Ison Wall, 2006). Furthermore, monopolistic compe titive firms can only make normal profits in the long term because they only control a small portion of the market which cannot be expanded due to the presence of several competitors (Colander, 2008). If the firm were to produce superior quality goods, then the cost of production would be at a similar ratio to the percentage sales hence the profits will be normal in the long run.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion A Monopolistic competition is the toughest yet most common market structure due to its relatively unregulated mode of operation. It is also quite simple to establish a firm in a monopolistic competition as compared to other market structures. Firms that operate in a Monopolistic competition each have a small portion of the market in their control and hence due to the dissimilarity in product, neither of the firms has control of the price of the products hence the price becomes market driven. References Chamberlin, E. (1999). A Supplementary Bibliography on Monopolistic Competition. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 75, No. 28, pp. 629-638. Colander, D. (2008) Microeconomics. 7th Ed. London: McGraw-Hill. Ison, S. and Wall, S. (2006) Economics. 4th Ed. New York: Financial Times in assoc with Prentice Hall. Pindyck, R Rubinfeld, D. (2001) Microeconomics. 5th Ed. New York: Prentice-Hall. This essay on Monopolistic competition as a market structure was written and submitted by user Mae M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

9 Strategies to Make Every Day Productive

9 Strategies to Make Every Day Productive We all start off every day optimistic. We know we have to manage our time and maximize every hour available to us if we want to succeed. Trouble is, without a concrete strategy, those hours can get away from us. Here are 9  ways you can control the time available to you and make the most if it- not to mention your potential. 1. Make a planThe night before your workday, take  5  or 10  minutes to  set yourself a goal or other direction for the day to come. You’ll be more organized and effective at getting through your tasks if you’ve set an overarching purpose. You can also try projecting this plan further into the future. Don’t just plan tomorrow; plan the next month, the next year, the next 10 years! Setting an intention will keep you moving in the right direction, and you’ll have a much easier time monitoring your progress.2. PrioritizeIdentify your most important tasks and projects and devote the majority of your workday to those projects. Try and schedule smaller and smaller chunks of time for the less important or logistical things that can suck so much of your day away if you let them. Focus on the big stuff. Tackle your big goals first and then replace them with other, bigger goals. Don’t get caught up in the small stuff.3. Commute smarterIf you can’t take a train or a bus and read or work while you commute, try scheduling mobile meetings while you’re stuck in traffic or listening to audiobooks to help you further your career or education. You could even use your drive time brainstorming how best to structure your workday once you get to your desk.4. Hit pauseNobody can be a progress machine 8  hours a day, 7  days a week. Breaks are absolutely necessary to recharge. Take a walk, grab a snack or water or a cup of coffee, have a five minute non-work-related chat. Clear your head, but don’t dawdle. Hit the refresh button, shake the clutter from your head, and then get back to work.5. Sta y positiveThere will be conflicts, crises that distract you, coworkers who annoy you, tasks you just don’t like. Accept these things as a part of any job, and part of life. Get past them as quickly as you can and devote yourself to focusing on the goals that are important to you. Be confident and have a cheerful attitude as you tackle obstacles.6. Say thank youNo matter how hard you’re working, chances are you’ve had some help along the way. Remember to thank the people who have supported and helped spur you along to greatness. Keeping people on your side will only help you as you build your empire of success.7. Stay focusedIt’s so easy to get side-tracked by memes and office politics and gossip. Don’t let yourself default to social media while at work- save that for your couch time once your work is done. Don’t waste precious time on stupid things. You only have this one work day!8. Stay humbleYou can’t do everything and you don†™t know it all. Be open and receptive to improvement and to learning new things. Approach each new workday with the mindset of getting better at some aspect of your job, however incrementally. Your progress will surprise you.9. Celebrate the minor victoriesMake sure that when you meet each goal, you take a moment to celebrate its completion. Set yourself small challenges and take a moment to give yourself a high five when you successfully defeat them. It will propel you to keep at it. And it will help you remain patient in the face of unforeseen adversity the next time an obstacle pops up.

Barnsieydale Sales-Related Data for 2004 and 2005 Report Research Paper

Barnsieydale Sales-Related Data for 2004 and 2005 Report - Research Paper Example There are various ways of adding and counting data (Microsoft Corporation 2006), the most appropriate are a simple addition and addition with one or more criteria. Subtotals by quarter for all persons are shown in the Sales Summary for 2005 in(000's) in Table 1. For example, Subtotal 815 means that all salespersons together have sold office furniture on 815,000 in the first quarter in the Commercial sector. Then, Sector subtotals (sales volumes by sector) are added. For example, Sector subtotal 3429 means that all salespersons together have sold office furniture on 3,429,000 in the Commercial sector in 2005. Then, 6,555,000 is annual sales result in 2005. Then formatting should be applied to the report to make it easy to read and understand. There are many basic formatting options available at the cell and worksheet level. Most are available on the Format Menu located on the Standard Excel toolbar. (Sandhills Publishing Company 2005) Pie charts and bar charts are very useful for analysis and easy to interpret. Peltier (2006) concludes that pie charts are good when you are showing the relative proportion of numbers that add up to a total, for a single series of data and when there are not too many wedges, particularly too many small ones. They show a good qualitative view of the data. Bar charts are good for quantitative displays, at showing progress toward a goal, especially if you've exceeded that goal (for this you should use a bar chart with a horizontal line at the goal). Sales by sector chart (Figure 1) shows the dynamic of sales of office furniture by a quarter in each sector. It shows that sales in Commercial sector are  £815 ,000 in the 1st quarter, then they grow to  £849,000 in the 2nd quarter, then they decline to  £799,000 in the 3rd quarter, and then they grow again to  £966,000 in the 4th quarter. Sales in the Commercial sector are higher than sales in other sectors in each quarter.

Evidence-Based Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evidence-Based Management - Research Paper Example Evidence based management is widely applied in the health care sector because doctors and other health practitioners rely on evidences in their field to make decisions. This paper seeks to evaluate the importance of applying evidence-based management in the health care sector and how best it can be used to change the perception of health care workers. The healthcare world experiences numerous problems such as unsuccessful delivery in the maternity department and the overlapping of duties among the health care workers. Healthcare workers need to apply evidence based management to over different challenges they experience in their work stations and provide better services for their clients. This approach should be determined by what different departments in the health sector require. The unit of analysis will be the approach of healthcare workers in reference to treating pregnant mothers. Healthcare workers play a significant role in enhancing a health and safe place for mothers. The use of the evidence-based management in their place of worker is of great importance because babies delivered need to feel the safety, given the best medicine and their mothers treated to the best possible care. There are several variable likely to come up in researching evidence-based management in the healthcare sector. Some of the variables include the knowledge of the practitioners and if it is necessary for a given department to be headed by a healthcare worker. For instance, should the finance department in the hospital be headed by a chief pharmacists or someone with financial knowhow? The health-care field has been applying evidence-based information in the management and practicing of the professional healthcare delivery. However, this management practice is now being adapted in the field of business management. Thus, there is also the need to introduce evidence-based management curriculum in the health-care

Gendered Identity Consistent With the Public and Private Views of the Research Paper - 1

Gendered Identity Consistent With the Public and Private Views of the Roles of Men and Women - Research Paper Example Even scholars who disagree that such changes were for the better, such as Edward Pessen (1985) – who argues that the resulting national civil society and economy left over from the Jackson years was characterized by greater inequality than had been the case prior to Jackson’s term – admit that the changes that occurred during the period were deeply rooted and long lasting. Therefore, any attempt to fully understand the development of America’s societal history must take into account the changes that occurred during these years. This seems especially true when considering the notion of gendered identity of both males and females in the public and private spheres that have determined much of the history of the American family, educational, and societal life. Because Jackson’s presidency occurred during a time when the industrial and transportation revolutions were just beginning in the US, and were characterized by expansions and alterations of expect ations among the various classes that made up the American social, political, and economic scenes, the ways that men and women came to view their roles in American life during this early birth of modernization are important to review. This brief paper will consider how gendered identities came to be established among men and women during the Jacksonian period, in light of the other social, economic, and religious changes that occurred. Particular attention will be paid to the way that the emergence of class differences with the rise of industrialization influenced the views of men and women regarding their societal roles. The paper will present a definition of gendered identity consistent with the public and private views of the roles of men and women that existed at the time and will consider how that notion was developed alongside the various upheavals that characterize the Jacksonian period. When discussing issues of gender, it is important to point out that there are varying definitions and ideas surrounding the term, and that changes have occurred over time regarding what it means.  

Ethical Arguments on Child Labour

Ethical Arguments on Child Labour The ethical arguments concerning organizations using suppliers which employ children. For the time being, the number of child labourers exceeds 250 million worldwide. In fact, child labour is defined by the International Labour Organization (2008) as types of work performed by children under 18. In most cases, however, child labour assumes full-time work done by children under the age of 15 that assumes health hazards and virtually excludes obtaining education. The entire situation is worsened by the fact that many suppliers hiring children blatantly disregard international UN conventions on children rights as well as the provisions of applicable national legislations. By ignoring national laws that prohibit child labour under the age of 14, the contracted factories and local suppliers in poor countries actively apply children aged 11-14 to work in sweatshops to manufacture items for such brand names as Primark, Gap, Nike, Wal-mart, Target, Hanes etc for mere 6.5 c. per item (Gorgemans, n.d). The internationally acclaimed clothing retailers conventionally build up their global businesses on contracting factories and suppliers in the developing countries. Therein, local employers apply unethical and illegal practices to the workforce while benefiting the abovementioned global retailers. For a number of times, these organizations were reported as such that are exploiting child labour disregarding set ethical norms and legal regulations. In all cases, the traditional response from the corporate management is limited to the lack of awareness of such unfair instances and injustice applications. This indicates that despite the impacts of pressure groups and advocacy organizations these global brands are unwilling to bear either ethical or legal responsibility for their dishonest employment practices. Fortunately, owing to the enormous efforts of various international pressure groups, the companies like these have recently taken adequate measures to cease unethical applications, particularly those associated with child labour (Gorgemans, n.d). By placing such enforcements, pressure organizations invaluably contribute to the expansion of civil society based on ethical principles of respect, justice and human right priority. In such a way, various pressure groups, media, and youth rights groups are fighting against dishonest companies and their suppliers to protect children from illegal exploitation. Fact is, it is almost impossible to reveal the truth since suppliers are operating in the areas that are difficult to monitor, which enables the latter to conspire their unethical and illegal practices. Whenever the unethical scandals addressing child labour exploitation are revealed, the corporate managers tend to deny their awareness of such illegal happenings allowed in the contracted factories or suppliers. For example, Primark have been a subject to BBC news reports after the detection of child labour use in the clothing manufacturing, which made the company to conduct a follow-up investigation on their suppliers. In most c ases, therefore, pressure groups cannot prove the rightness of their claims due to the insufficiency of actual evidence, and therefore lose lawsuits. This provokes the situation where nobody is ethically responsible, while millions of unprotected child labourers are daily exploited worldwide. Even the US boycotting of the exports of Nepalese carpets manufactured by children in early 90’s did not provide adequate solution to the child labour problem since this measure caused 7,000 Nepalese children taking up prostitution (UNICEF, 2008). Ostensibly, the global problem of child labour is immense and in most instances falls beyond any reasonable ethical or legal control of the responsible authorities. Considering this, it is a common knowledge that legal regulations have always been based on the ethical principles reflecting social morale. Therefore, primarily it is a question of ones ethics and morale to intentionally accept and apply child labour for low pay and in appalling conditions. Nevertheless, in practical terms it seems that many suppliers actually do not mind unethical and illegal exploitation of child labour solely caring about enlarging their profits, expanding consumer markets and winning competitive advantages owing to cheap workforce that consists of ethically and legally unprotected children from Mali, Bangladesh, India, Cambodia, Liberia, Pakistan and many other destinations worldwide. To this end, according to International Labour Organization and the United Nations, the child labour is considered ex ploitative (UN General Assembly, 1989). Nonetheless, nearly half of all children labourers are traditionally engaged in the agricultural sector, though during the last two decades child labour has been actively applied by multinational corporations (Nike, GAP etc) and smaller companies in manufacturing as the effective means to save on this virtually costless and easily operative workforce. Largely, the underdeveloped socio-economic situation in many world countries provokes parents to agree to their children exploiting in hazardous works that involve physical tensions and the use of complicated machinery and devices difficult to operate. Consequently, the reasons of child labour in poor countries are purely economic driven by poverty concerns, and for the time being there is no single international convention that is declaring child labour illegal (Hindman and Smith, 1999). The main ethical issue in due respect is that under the umbrella of world renowned brands, local suppliers are unethically applying child labour considering house-to-house poverty and the devastating domestic conditions in Africa and East Asia wherein most families often regard their offspring as the sole source of income (Hindman and Smith, 1999). Considering this, it is rather difficult to say where the issue of ethics should begin. Hence, the analysis of relevant theoretical approaches is necessary to fully comprehend the seriousness of the issue. In essence, ethical theories are based on the core foundations, i.e. principles predetermining common goals intended to be achieved by every ethical theory, including but not limited to: least harm, beneficence, justice, and autonomy (Ridley, 1998; Penslar, 1995). In fact the exploitation of child labour does not comply with either of the abovementioned ethical principles. Neither does it produce a positive effect on children in accordan ce with the ethical principle of beneficence. According to the ethical principle of least harm, it is apparent that while companies are managing their short-term exporting and business concerns at the cost of the developing world, they are crippling millions of children by depriving them of the right for better future. In such a way employers show total disrespect for children autonomy, including their concerns, preferences and actual motivations (Hindman and Smith, 1999). Finally, child labour is a true example of injustice practice which assumes overall adverse affects to child labourers and economy on the whole. This indicates that the global economy will continue to shrink since the gap between rich and poor is rapidly expanding, and hardly any organization needs uneducated and/or unhealthy employees either today or in the future. The application of ethical theories in case of child abuse practices is a rather delicate issue which necessitates addressing previous experiences of child labour applications by commodity suppliers. While illegally exploiting child labour, the suppliers preliminarily trespass the deontological theory and do so intentionally for the sake of companies’ profits (Ridley, 1998; Penslar, 1995). For instance, since 1990s the international producer of sportswear Nike has been continually criticized by various right protection and activist groups (e.g. The International Labor Rights Fund; Vietnam Labour Watch etc) and media (e.g. BBC; Australian Channel 7 News etc) for exploiting forced labour practices, including women and child labour in Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Pakistan, China, Cambodia, and Mexico. In various contracted factories (e.g. in Vietnam, 1996), Nike was reported to violate overtime laws and minimum wage requirements. At that, the company provided employees with indecent working conditions while exploiting cheap overseas workforce within free trade zones to manufacture their commodities (Harsono, 1996). Worse than that, in the course of 1990s, Nike followed the unethical and unsanctioned practice of child labour exploitation in Pakistan and Cambodia while contracting the domestic factories to manufacture footballs. Even now, despite numerous anti-sweatshop (e .g. United Students against Sweatshops) and anti-globalization campaigns, Nike continue to exploit child labour in the areas wherein monitoring or legal regulations are inadequate, which has ensured the company unprecedented profits over the last decade (Boggan, 2001). Considering such unethical and illegal practices, it is obvious that Nile is also breaching the ethical principles of utilitarianism, the rights ethical theory,the casuist ethical theory, the virtue ethical theory an/or their various combinations considering the circumstances. Since the law should be given the highest priority within the rights theory, Nike’s practices should be regarded both unethical and illegal (Boggan, 2001; Harsono, 1996). The similar unethical applications have been reported to be used by Gap. In May 2006, Gap’s supplier in Jordan known as Western, applied unpaid overtime and excessive child labour, and other unethical practices. In 2007, Gap’s Indian factories contracted by Gap were reported to vastly apply child labour. The majority of claims from the pressure organizations concerned unsafe working conditions, unpaid off the clock hours, forced abortion policies, which made the company to reconsider its employment practices. At that, feeling ethical and moral liability before the workforce, the Gap has been praised by advocacy and pressure groups (Verite, Labour behind the Label, Social Accountability International etc) for managing to resolve unethical abuses of employees’ rights in accordance with the internally applied global social accountability standard assuming decent working conditions SA8000. To this end, the company does not employ children under 14 anymore, provides r egular and transparent wage payment, and prohibits any physical or moral abuse on its contracted factories (Guardian 2007). Considering this, in 2007 the company has become a genuine example of ethical practices application rewarded by the national industry media (e.g. Ethisphere Magazine; CRO Magazine; Business Ethics Magazine etc). The aforesaid examples indicate that the business companies operating in the global competitive environment should consider ethical principles in addition to caring about profit-making. For this purpose, multinational companies establish internal codes of ethics and release social responsibility reports on annual basis to underline their ethical responsibility before general public and relevant communities (Hindman and Smith, 1999). Nonetheless, as is seen, there are numerous conflicts between the theoretically-declared ethical norms and empirical applications which confront each other. To this end, in the US child labour is banned by law as well as the policies of the US firms, whereas child labour is allowed in Pakistan and inspires domestic benefits therein. Thus, depending on the respective cultural and ethical norms, child labour is differently perceived in various countries (Hall, n.d.). At that, ethical theories should be applied to provide moral reasoning while responding to conflict situations like child exploitation. Utilitarianism ethical theory intends to maximize happiness in line with the limits of moral choice, whereas the deontological method seeks moral rules to choose the most relevant one to determine the moral action to be taken. In due sense, the utilitarian method is in favour of child labour since due to the gaining of extra income children maximize their own happiness as well as the delight of their parents who know that labour saves their children from street crime and/or prostitution. Conversely, the deontological method indicates that the practice of child labour violates moral norms and therefore child labour would need an alternative solution. For example, there are companies promoting educational programs for children by paying their families for being able to use their labour since they are 14 years old. This approach seems well-balanced, how ever, from the ethical perspective, the current dilemma indicate the non-coincidence of cultural relativism and ethical universalism (Adler, n.d). The discussed issue is currently unsolved considering the ethical viewpoint under which the importance of ethical and moral norms and values differs from culture to culture, and so there is no way to the application of universal norms able to guide moral choices. Human rights are based on moral and ethical norms; however fail to serve as a universal panacea to solve many problems concerning the protection of individual freedom. Therefore the universal formalization and legalization of child labour would require enormous contribution to be made by the international community, civil society and active pressure groups to solve the issue on the global agenda. To be genuinely effective ethical theory should be backed up by firm action and sustainable degree of individual responsibility for using child labour (Ridley, 1998; Penslar, 1995). Ethical theories based on relevant principles should be widely applied as the effective decision-making tools, though only their relevant combination seems most effective while coping with the child labour dilemma. Utilitarian ethics grounded on the casuistic theory may be used to objectively compare different viewpoints on child labour issue and offer the most appropriate choice of action. Ethical theories in various combinations help to analyze and manage critical situations in unbiased and constructive manner to come with the most correct solution from the ethical perspective. Thus, the abovementioned ethical theories can serve as a reliable framework to settle international child labour issues in the foreseeable future (Ridley, 1998; Penslar, 1995). List of References Adler, N. n.d., International Dimensions of Organization Behaviour, Canada Southwestern pp. 64-66. Boggan, S. 2001, ‘Nike Admits to Mistakes over Child Labor’, [Online] Available at: http://www.commondreams.org/headlines01/1020-01.htm Gorgemans, A. n.d., ‘Addressing Child Labor: An Industry Approach’, [Online] Available at: http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/ites/0505/ijee/gorgemans.htm Guardian 2007, ‘Child sweatshop shame threatens Gaps ethical image’, [Online] Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2007/oct/28/ethicalbusiness.india Hall, E. n.d., Understanding Cultural Differences pp. 48-50. Harsono, A. 1996, ‘Nike Accused of Slave Child Labor’, [Online] Available at:http://www.albionmonitor.com/9606a/nikelabor.html Hindman, H., Smith, C. 1999, Cross-Cultural Ethics and the Child Labor Problem, Journal of Business Ethics, Volume 19, Number 1 / March, 1999 Penslar, R. 1995. Research Ethics: Cases and Materials. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Ridley, A. 1998, Beginning Bioethics. New York: St. Martin’s Press. UN General Assembly â€Å"Convention on the Rights of the Child†, Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession byGeneral Assembly resolution 44/25of 20 November 1989 entry into force 2 September 1990, in accordance with article 49 UNICEF, 2008 ‘Child protection from violence, exploitation and abuse’, [Online] Available at: http://www.unicef.org/protection/index_childlabour.html

Woodstock Essay -- essays research papers

Woodstock 1969 The Sixties were an exciting revolutionary period with great cultural change. Some people called it the â€Å"decade of discontent† (Britannica) due to the race riots in Detroit and La, and the demonstrations against the Vietnam War. Other people called it the decade of â€Å"peace, love, and harmony† (Woodstock 69). This decade was identified as such as a result of the peace movement and the emergence of the flower children. (Britannica) The sixties were about assassination, unforgettable fashion, new styles of music, civil rights, gay and women’s liberation, Vietnam, Neil Armstrong landing on the moon, peace marches, sexual freedom, drug experimentation, and Woodstock. All of these components caused a revolutionary change in the world of popular Music and society. The most famous of the Sixties rock festivals was Woodstock music and art fair. It was held on farm property in Bethel New York on August 15-17th 1969 (Woodstock 69). Three Days of peace and music wou ld come to define a generation. Festival organizers decided on the title Woodstock because it was where folksinger Bob Dylan and many other musicians lived in New York. It was an artists’ retreat since the turn of the century. People came from all around, some for the music, some for atmosphere and some just to be there. Although peace was a main theme of the concert, it was difficult to keep with a crowd of 400,000 people. Woodstock contained all six of the qualities of cultural performance, a cultural process...